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Abstract
Eucalyptus pellita is an important plant for the pulp and paper industry. During its growth and development process, there are factors that inhibit Eucalyptus, namely stem rot and leaf blight caused by Ceratocystis and Cylindrocladium. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence and intensity of leaf blight and stem rot diseases caused by Ceratocystis and Cylindrocladium, as well as to identify the ecological conditions and disease distribution in the Baung Central Nursery and Sungai Beyuku Nursery areas. The observation method used was direct field observation with purposive sampling and interviews with representatives from the nursery division. Symptoms of stem rot caused by Ceratocystis are indicated by streaks or lines that appear as pale brown to blackish patches on the sapwood, which result in weakened and broken stems. Symptoms of leaf blight caused Cylindrocladium include round or oval dark brown to blackish leaf spots, which in advanced stages spread to the underside of the leaf and turn black. This study concludes that disease incidence in Baung Central Nursery is dominated by leaf blight caused Ceratocystis, while in Sungai Beyuku Nursery it is dominated by leaf blight caused by Cylindrocladium.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Ayu Safitri, Gusti Apriliansyah, Yuniar Harvianti
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
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- Chen, S. F., Lombard, L., Roux, J., Xie, Y. J., Wingfield, B. D., & Zhou, X.D. (2018). Novel species of Calonectria associated with Eucalyptus leaf blight in Southeast China. Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi, 26(11), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3767/003158511x555236.
- de Oliveira Castro, C. A., dos Santos, G. A., Takahashi, E. K., Pires Nunes, A. C., Souza, G. A., & de Resende, M. D. V. (2021). Accelerating Eucalyptus breeding strategies through top grafting applied to young seedlings. Industrial Crops and Products, 171(May), 113906. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.113906
- Di, P., Saparua, K., Mailuhu, D., Patty, J., Tuhumury, G. N. C., Kewilaa, V. L. N., & Sarfan, R. (2024). Damage to clove plants (Zyzygium aromaticum) due to disease infestation in Saparua District. 13(2), 175–183.
- Hardiyanto, E. B., Inail, M. A., & Sadanandan Nambiar, E. K. (2021). Productivity of Eucalyptus pellita in sumatra: Acacia mangium legacy, response to phosphorus, and site variables for guiding management. Forests, 12(9), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12091186
- Hassan, A., Balachandran, P., & Khamis, K. R. (2021). Early root development of Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell. seedlings from seed and stem cutting propagation methods at nursery stage. International Journal of Forestry Research, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6624266
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- Hutapea, F. J., Weston, C. J., Mendham, D., & Volkova, L. (2023). Sustainable management of Eucalyptus pellita plantations: A review. Forest Ecology and Management, 537 (March), 120941. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2023.120941
- Indrayadi, H., Glen, M., Kurniawan, Y. R., Brawner, J. T., Herdyantara, B., Beadle, C., Tjahjono, B., & Mohammed, C. (2023). Using transferable eucalypt microsatellite markers to identify QTL for resistance to Ceratocystis wilt disease in Eucalyptus pellita F. Muel. (Myrtales, Myrtaceae). Forests, 14(9), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/f14091703
- Kurniawan, D., Puspita, F., Tjahjono, B., & Siregar, B. A. (2024). The potential of endophytic bacteria in controlling Cylindrocladium sp., the cause of leaf blight on eucalyptus pellita seedlings by in- vitro. Jurnal Agronomi Tanaman Tropika, 6(1), 1–2.
- Nursanti, N., Adriadi, A. A., & Sai’in, S. (2022). Abiotic factor components of the environment where puspa (Schima wallichii DC. Korth) grows in the Bulian Customary Forest Area, Musirawas Regency. Jurnal Silva Tropika, 5(2), 438–445. https://doi.org/10.22437/jsilvtrop.v5i2.14566
- Pratama, R., Mefiyanto, E., Sidik, M., Febrian, M. T., Syagitha, S. A., Mayasari, J. W., Asyifa, T. S., & Merti, Y. (2023). Wilting and deadly disease of Ceratocystis on eucalyptus plants in South Sumatra. In Prosceedings Seminar Nasional Lahan Suboptimal, 6051, pp 252–261.
- Pratama R, Suwandi S, Muslim A, Mulawarman. 2025. Diversity of Ceratocystis fimbriata causing canker and wilt disease on Cupressus sempervirens (Italian cypress) in Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 26(1), 278–287. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d260128
- Purnama Sari, W., Ardi, A., & Efendi, S. (2020). Weed vegetation analysis in several age classes of Acacia mangium Willd. in Industrial Plantation Forest (HTI). Jurnal Hutan Tropis, 8(2), 185. https://doi.org/10.20527/jht.v8i2.9048
- Rahayu, S., Tudon, I. E., & Hardiyanto, E. B. (2021). Correlations of anatomical and chemical leaf characteristics of eucalyptus clones with spontaneous leaf spot disease severity associated with Phaeophleospora Fungi. Taiwan Journal of Forest Science, 35(3), 239–249.
- Rodas, C.A., Lombard, L., Gryzenhoinf, M. Slippers, B., & Wingfield, M.J. 2005. Cylindrocladium blight of . Eucalyptus grandis in Colombia. Australasian Plant Pathology 34, 143–149 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1071/AP05012
- Rosianty Y, Y., Lensari., D., & Aini A, N. (2024). Identification of Eucalyptus pellita (Eucalyptus pellita F.Muell) plants infested by pests at PT. Musi Hutan Persada. Sylva, 13(2), 51-59. https://doi.org/10.32502/sylva.v13i2.9448
- Roux, M.J. Wingfield, A. F., Noeth, K., & Barnes, I. (2020). Ceratocystis Wilt on Eucalyptus: First Record From South Africa. Journal of Forest Science, 82(1), 1–23.
- Rusmayadi, G., Edddy, S., Abidin, Z., Anripa, N., Rubijantoro, S., & Wilson, J. S. (2024). Analysis of the impact of climate change on food crop productivity. Jurnal Review Pendidikan dan Pengajaran, 7(3), 9488–9495.
- Safitri A, Harvianti Y, Pratama R. (2025). First report of Ceratocystis manginecans causing wilt and sudden death in Bouea macrophylla (Plum Mango) in Indonesia. New Dis. Reports, 52(2), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1002/ndr2.70095
- Saputra, P. M. (2023). Morphological characteristics and essential oil content of Eucalyptus pellita plants (Eucalyptus pellita). Jurnal Agroteknologi Agribisnis dan Akuakultur, 3(2), 58–67.
- Sulichantini, E. D. (2016). Growth of Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell plants in the field using tissue culture, shoot cuttings, and seeds. Jurnal Ziraa’ah, 41(2), 269–274. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
- Van der Walt, D., Steenkamp, E. T., Wingfield, B. D., & Wilken, P. M. (2023). Evidence of biparental mitochondrial inheritance from self-fertile crosses between closely related species of Ceratocystis. Journal of Fungi, 9(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9060686
- Yuniarti, K., & Nirsatmanto, A. (2018). Several physical properties of Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell from different provenances and sampling position on tree. Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan Wallacea, 7(2), 151. https://doi.org/10.18330/jwallacea.2018.vol7iss2pp151-163
References
Arsensi, I. (2018). Identification of pathogens causing stem rot in Eucalyptus Pellita seedlings in the nursery. ULIN: Jurnal Hutan Tropis, 2(1), 21–25. https://doi.org/10.32522/ujht.v2i1.779
Chen, S. F., Lombard, L., Roux, J., Xie, Y. J., Wingfield, B. D., & Zhou, X.D. (2018). Novel species of Calonectria associated with Eucalyptus leaf blight in Southeast China. Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi, 26(11), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3767/003158511x555236.
de Oliveira Castro, C. A., dos Santos, G. A., Takahashi, E. K., Pires Nunes, A. C., Souza, G. A., & de Resende, M. D. V. (2021). Accelerating Eucalyptus breeding strategies through top grafting applied to young seedlings. Industrial Crops and Products, 171(May), 113906. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.113906
Di, P., Saparua, K., Mailuhu, D., Patty, J., Tuhumury, G. N. C., Kewilaa, V. L. N., & Sarfan, R. (2024). Damage to clove plants (Zyzygium aromaticum) due to disease infestation in Saparua District. 13(2), 175–183.
Hardiyanto, E. B., Inail, M. A., & Sadanandan Nambiar, E. K. (2021). Productivity of Eucalyptus pellita in sumatra: Acacia mangium legacy, response to phosphorus, and site variables for guiding management. Forests, 12(9), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12091186
Hassan, A., Balachandran, P., & Khamis, K. R. (2021). Early root development of Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell. seedlings from seed and stem cutting propagation methods at nursery stage. International Journal of Forestry Research, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6624266
Hidayat, S., Praptana, R., Romdon, A., Hidayat, Y., Ramadhan, R., Yunia-ti, D., Khaririyatun, N., Ika, S., Jatuningtyas, R., Hayati, R., Yufdy, M., Nuryanto, B., & Prasetyo, A. (2024). Global Journal of environmental science and management economic feasibility, perception of farmers, and environmental sustainability index of sorghum-eucalyptus agroforestry. Global J. Environ. Sci. Manage, 10(2), 657–682. https://doi.org/10.22034/gjesm.2024.02.15
Hutapea, F. J., Weston, C. J., Mendham, D., & Volkova, L. (2023). Sustainable management of Eucalyptus pellita plantations: A review. Forest Ecology and Management, 537 (March), 120941. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2023.120941
Indrayadi, H., Glen, M., Kurniawan, Y. R., Brawner, J. T., Herdyantara, B., Beadle, C., Tjahjono, B., & Mohammed, C. (2023). Using transferable eucalypt microsatellite markers to identify QTL for resistance to Ceratocystis wilt disease in Eucalyptus pellita F. Muel. (Myrtales, Myrtaceae). Forests, 14(9), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/f14091703
Kurniawan, D., Puspita, F., Tjahjono, B., & Siregar, B. A. (2024). The potential of endophytic bacteria in controlling Cylindrocladium sp., the cause of leaf blight on eucalyptus pellita seedlings by in- vitro. Jurnal Agronomi Tanaman Tropika, 6(1), 1–2.
Nursanti, N., Adriadi, A. A., & Sai’in, S. (2022). Abiotic factor components of the environment where puspa (Schima wallichii DC. Korth) grows in the Bulian Customary Forest Area, Musirawas Regency. Jurnal Silva Tropika, 5(2), 438–445. https://doi.org/10.22437/jsilvtrop.v5i2.14566
Pratama, R., Mefiyanto, E., Sidik, M., Febrian, M. T., Syagitha, S. A., Mayasari, J. W., Asyifa, T. S., & Merti, Y. (2023). Wilting and deadly disease of Ceratocystis on eucalyptus plants in South Sumatra. In Prosceedings Seminar Nasional Lahan Suboptimal, 6051, pp 252–261.
Pratama R, Suwandi S, Muslim A, Mulawarman. 2025. Diversity of Ceratocystis fimbriata causing canker and wilt disease on Cupressus sempervirens (Italian cypress) in Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 26(1), 278–287. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d260128
Purnama Sari, W., Ardi, A., & Efendi, S. (2020). Weed vegetation analysis in several age classes of Acacia mangium Willd. in Industrial Plantation Forest (HTI). Jurnal Hutan Tropis, 8(2), 185. https://doi.org/10.20527/jht.v8i2.9048
Rahayu, S., Tudon, I. E., & Hardiyanto, E. B. (2021). Correlations of anatomical and chemical leaf characteristics of eucalyptus clones with spontaneous leaf spot disease severity associated with Phaeophleospora Fungi. Taiwan Journal of Forest Science, 35(3), 239–249.
Rodas, C.A., Lombard, L., Gryzenhoinf, M. Slippers, B., & Wingfield, M.J. 2005. Cylindrocladium blight of . Eucalyptus grandis in Colombia. Australasian Plant Pathology 34, 143–149 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1071/AP05012
Rosianty Y, Y., Lensari., D., & Aini A, N. (2024). Identification of Eucalyptus pellita (Eucalyptus pellita F.Muell) plants infested by pests at PT. Musi Hutan Persada. Sylva, 13(2), 51-59. https://doi.org/10.32502/sylva.v13i2.9448
Roux, M.J. Wingfield, A. F., Noeth, K., & Barnes, I. (2020). Ceratocystis Wilt on Eucalyptus: First Record From South Africa. Journal of Forest Science, 82(1), 1–23.
Rusmayadi, G., Edddy, S., Abidin, Z., Anripa, N., Rubijantoro, S., & Wilson, J. S. (2024). Analysis of the impact of climate change on food crop productivity. Jurnal Review Pendidikan dan Pengajaran, 7(3), 9488–9495.
Safitri A, Harvianti Y, Pratama R. (2025). First report of Ceratocystis manginecans causing wilt and sudden death in Bouea macrophylla (Plum Mango) in Indonesia. New Dis. Reports, 52(2), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1002/ndr2.70095
Saputra, P. M. (2023). Morphological characteristics and essential oil content of Eucalyptus pellita plants (Eucalyptus pellita). Jurnal Agroteknologi Agribisnis dan Akuakultur, 3(2), 58–67.
Sulichantini, E. D. (2016). Growth of Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell plants in the field using tissue culture, shoot cuttings, and seeds. Jurnal Ziraa’ah, 41(2), 269–274. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
Van der Walt, D., Steenkamp, E. T., Wingfield, B. D., & Wilken, P. M. (2023). Evidence of biparental mitochondrial inheritance from self-fertile crosses between closely related species of Ceratocystis. Journal of Fungi, 9(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9060686
Yuniarti, K., & Nirsatmanto, A. (2018). Several physical properties of Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell from different provenances and sampling position on tree. Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan Wallacea, 7(2), 151. https://doi.org/10.18330/jwallacea.2018.vol7iss2pp151-163