Article Sidebar

Submitted
September 15, 2025
Accepted
October 1, 2026
Published
October 1, 2026
Download
Statistic
Read Counter : 3

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Main Article Content

Abstract

Oryza sativa is a promising agricultural crop and an important food source for Indonesians. The study aimed to assess the growth of Progenies F1 and its parents, then backcross F1×Inpago 5 to obtain Progenies BC1F1. This study used a randomized block design (RBD) with three groups, each with five replications. Each replication included three plant units for agronomic character observation. Backcross with three replications, each containing 15 plants from each parent F1 (♂) and Inpago 5 (♀). The study's findings revealed that both parents' genetics influenced vegetative growth, specifically plant height and total number of tillers in F1. Inpago 5 (recipient parent) had the highest plant height and the earliest flowering age. Inpara 8 (donor parent) outperforms Inpago 5 and F1 in terms of number of tillers, number of productive tillers, weight of filled grain, number of grains, number of empty grains, weight of empty grains, weight of filled grain, percentage of filled grain and percentage of empty filled grain, weight of 1000 grains, and dry weight of stover. Then, F1 on generative variables had moderate values for the number of filled grains, weight of filled grains, percentage of number of filled grains, number of empty grains, weight of empty grains, percentage of number of empty grains, and harvest age. F1 was determined by the segregation of gene characteristics from its parents. Backcrossing produced 1,448 grains of grain and 1,938 empty grains from a total of 3,386 castrated and pollinated rice flowers. The cross success rate was 42.76%.

Keywords

Dual tolerance, Drought, Introgressin, QDTY, Sub-1

Article Details

License

Copyright (c) 1970 Septi Lora Aulia Aulia

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite
Septi Lora Aulia, Rujito Agus Suwignyo, & Mery Hasmeda. (2026). Growth evaluation of F1 progenies with its parents (Inpago 5(♀) and Inpara 8(♂)), and BC1F1 backcross generation development. Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal : Journal of Suboptimal Lands, 15(2), 205–215. Retrieved from https://jlsuboptimal.unsri.ac.id/index.php/jlso/article/view/767
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX

References

  1. REFERENCES
  2. Adriansyah, F., Hasmeda, M., Suwignyo, R. A., Halimi, E. S., Fatimah, Wibisono, I., & Sarimana, U. (2022). Selection of sub1 locus for submergence-tolerant introgression in a backcrossing of south sumatra rice based on ssr markers. Sains Malaysiana, 51(3), 695–706. https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5103-05
  3. Adriansyah, F., Hasmeda, M., Suwignyo, R. A., Halimi, E. S., & Sarimana, U. (2021). Improvement of the submergence stress tolerance of local south sumatran rice through the introgression of the sub1 gene by using marker-assisted selection. Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics, 53(4), 575–591. https://doi.org/10.54910/SABRAO2021.53.4.3
  4. Amjad, I., Kashif, M., Dilshad, R., Javed, M. A., Aziz, S., Khalid, M. N., Shakeel, A., Tahir, F., Riaz, M., & Saher, H. (2022). Submergence tolerance regulator , sub1a : convergence of submergence and drought response pathways in rice. J. Glob. Innov. Agric. Sci, 10(4), 191–199. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.22194/JGIAS/10.1009
  5. Anumalla, M., Khanna, A., Catolos, M., Ramos, J., Ma, M. T., Venkateshwarlu, C., Konijerla, J., Pradhan, S. K., Dash, S. K., Das, Y., Chowdhury, D., Chetia, S. K., das, J., Nath, P., Merugumala, G. R., Roy, B., Pradhan, N., Jana, M., Dana, I., Hussain, W. (2025). Future flooding tolerant rice germplasm: Resilience afforded beyond Sub1A gene. Plant Genome, 18(2), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1002/tpg2.70040
  6. Aparajita Singh, Mukul, Megha Joshi, Mukh Ram, M. A. A. P. K. S. (2016). Screening and evaluation of rice cultivars for submergence screening and evaluation of rice cultivars for. The Ecoscan, 9 (1 & 2)(January 2015), 255–259. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/292695402
  7. Asmuni Mohd Ikmal, Noraziyah, A. A. S., & Wickneswari, R. (2021). Incorporating Drought and submergence tolerance qtl in rice (Oryza sativa L.)—the effects under reproductive stage drought and vegetative stage submergence stresses. Plants, 10, 225. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.3390/plants10020225
  8. Aswidinnoor, H., Listiyanto, R., Rahim, S., Holidin, Setiyowati, H., Nindita, A., Ritonga, A. W., Marwiyah, S., & Suwarno, W. B. (2023). Stability analysis, agronomic performance, and grain quality of elite new plant type rice lines (Oryza sativa L.) developed for tropical lowland ecosystem. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2023.1147611
  9. Chen, K., Łyskowski, A., Jaremko, Ł., & Jaremko, M. (2021). Genetic and molecular factors determining grain weight in rice. Frontiers in Plant Science, 12(July), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.605799
  10. BPS (Badan Pusat Statistik). Luas Panen dan Produksi Beras di Indonesia 2023. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Staistik, 2024.
  11. BPS (Badan Pusat Statistik). Luas Panen dan Produksi Beras di Indonesia 2024. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Staistik. 2023
  12. Dan, Z., Hu, J., Zhou, W., Yao, G., Zhu, R., Huang, W., & Zhu, Y. (2015). Hierarchical additive effects on heterosis in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Frontiers in Plant Science, 6(September), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2015.00738
  13. Das, G., Pradhan, B., Bastia, D., Samantaray, S., Jena, D., Rout, D., Arsode, P. B., Singh, V., Mukherjee, A. K., Mohan, C., & Verma, R. (2022). Pyramiding submergence tolerance and three bacterial blight resistance genes in popular rice variety hasanta through marker-assisted backcross breeding. Agriculture (Switzerland), 12(11), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12111815
  14. Djurhuus, D. L. E., Song, Z., Andersen, A. G., Gargiulo, S., Casolo, V., Ismail, A. M., Nchimbi-Msolla, S., de la Cruz Jiménez, J., & Pedersen, O. (2025). The relationship between anaerobic germination capacity and submergence tolerance in rice seedlings. Rice, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12284-025-00806-3
  15. Elvina, T. S., Siregar, A., & Ginting, R. (2023). Analysis of factors influencing rice production in labuhan batu district. Journal of Social Research, 2(9), 3305–3317. https://doi.org/10.55324/josr.v2i9.1263
  16. Gu, Z., Gong, J., Zhu, Z., Li, Z., Feng, Q., Wang, C., Zhao, Y., Zhan, Q., Zhou, C., Wang, A., Huang, T., Zhang, L., Tian, Q., Fan, D., Lu, Y., Zhao, Q., Huang, X., Yang, S., & Han, B. (2023). Structure and function of rice hybrid genomes reveal genetic basis and optimal performance of heterosis. Nature Genetics, 55(10), 1745–1756. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-023-01495-8
  17. Gu, Z., & Han, B. (2024). Unlocking the mystery of heterosis opens the era of intelligent rice breeding. Plant Physiology, 196(2), 735–744. https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiae385
  18. Hasan, M. M., Rafii, M. Y., Ismail, M. R., Mahmood, M., Rahim, H. A., Alam, A., Ashkani, S., Malek, A., & Latif, M. A. (2015). Agriculture and environment biotechnology marker-assisted backcrossing : a useful method for rice improvement. Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 29(2), 237–254. https://doi.org/10.1080/13102818.2014.995920
  19. Hasmeda, M., Sulaiman, F., Hamidson, H., & Bactiar, A. (2022). Backcrossing of BC3F2 accession with local parents of rice plants which resistance to submergence stress. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 995(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/995/1/012042
  20. IRRI. 2013. Standard Evaluation System for Rice. Philippines, International Rice Research Institute
  21. Irmawati, Ehara, H., Suwignyo, R. A., & Sakagami, J.-I. (2015). Swamp rice cultivation in south sumatra, Indonesia: an Overview. Trop. Agr. Develop., 59(1), 35–39. https://doi.org/10.11248/jsta.59.35
  22. Jarin, A. S., Islam, M., Rahat, A., Ahmed, S., Ghosh, P., & Murata, Y. (2024). Drought stress tolerance in rice : physiological and biochemical insights. Plant Biology, 15, 692–718. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.3390/ ijpb15030051
  23. Kumar, V., Jat, H. S., Sharma, P. C., Balwinder-Singh, Gathala, M. K., Malik, R. K., Kamboj, B. R., Yadav, A. K., Ladha, J. K., Raman, A., Sharma, D. K., & McDonald, A. (2018). Can productivity and profitability be enhanced in intensively managed cereal systems while reducing the environmental footprint of production? Assessing sustainable intensification options in the breadbasket of India. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 252(October 2017), 132–147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2017.10.006
  24. Miftahudin, Putri, R. E., & Chikmawati, T. (2020). Vegetative morphophysiological responses of four rice cultivars to drought stress. Biodiversitas, 21(8), 3727–3734. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d210840
  25. Mohanavel, V., Muthu, V., Kambale, R., Palaniswamy, R., Seeli, P., Ayyenar, B., Rajagopalan, V., Manickam, S., Rajasekaran, R., Rahman, H., Nallathambi, J., Swaminathan, M., Chellappan, G., Vellingiri, G., & Muthurajan, R. (2024). Marker-assisted breeding accelerates the development of multiple-stress-tolerant rice genotypes adapted to wider environments. Frontiers in Plant Science, 15(July), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1402368
  26. Oladosu, Y., Rafii, M. Y., Arolu, F., Chukwu, S. C., Muhammad, I., Kareem, I., Salisu, M. A., & Arolu, I. W. (2020). Submergence tolerance in rice: Review of mechanism, breeding and, future prospects. Sustainability, 12(4), 1632. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12041632
  27. Purwanto, O. D., Pujiharti, Y., & Ramadhan, ‪Rizky P. (2023). Growth and yield performance of upland and lowland rice varieties under narrow-wide row planting systems in east nusa tenggara, Indonesia. Planta Tropika, 11(1), 50–60. https://doi.org/10.18196/pt.v11i1.15921
  28. Quan, R., Wang, J., Qin, H., Chen, L., Xiao, D., Zhao, Z., Zhang, Z., Zhu, X., Li, Z., & Huang, R. (2024). Improving grain yield and salt tolerance by optimizing plant height with beneficial haplotypes in rice (Oryza sativa). Journal of Advanced Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2024.12.007
  29. Revannaswamy, K. M., Raveendran, M., Pushpa, R., Bama, K. S., Sritharan, N., Manonmani, S., & Suresh, R. (2024). Breeding for flooding tolerance in rice: Advancements and future perspectives. Plant Science Today, 11(4), 740–751. https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.4100
  30. Rusdan, R. (2020). Response of several rice varieties (oryza sativa) on drought stress in the generative phase. Universitas Sriwijaya.
  31. Shen, G., Zhan, W., Chen, H., & Xing, Y. (2014). Dominance and epistasis are the main contributors to heterosis for plant height in rice. Plant Science, 215–216, 11–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2013.10.004
  32. Shrirashmi, Rajeswari, S., John Joel, A., Suresh, R., Vellaikumar, & Manju Devi, S. (2024). Submergence tolerance in rice: A comprehensive screening of 250 Indian landraces for resilience under water stress. Plant Science Today, 11(5), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.5601
  33. Singh, S., Mackill, D. J., & Ismail, A. M. (2014). Physiological basis of tolerance to complete submergence in rice involves genetic factors in addition to the SUB1 gene. AoB PLANTS, 6, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plu060
  34. Suwetha, S., Gnanamalar, R. P., Elamathi, S., Christy Nirmala Mary, P., Arulmozhi, R., Dhandapani, M., Subrahmaniyan, K., Shanmugam, A., & Pushpa, R. (2025). Adaptive mechanism of submergence tolerance by Sub1 A. Plant Science Today, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.4632
  35. Suwignyo, R. A., Irmawati, I., Hose, F., & Aulia, S. L. (2021). Development of Rice Varieties Adaptive to Nontidal Swampland using MABC: Growth characteristics of parent plant and F1 result. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 741(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/741/1/012022
  36. Tao, Y., Zhu, J., Xu, J., Wang, L., Gu, H., Zhou, R., Yang, Z., Zhou, Y., & Liang, G. (2016). Exploitation of heterosis loci for yield and yield components in rice using chromosome segment substitution lines. Scientific Reports, 6(November). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep36802
  37. Wang, J., Han, M., Huang, Y., Zhao, J., Liu, C., & Ma, Y. (2024). Flooding tolerance of rice: regulatory pathways and adaptive mechanisms. Plants, 13(9), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13091178
  38. Wening, R. H., Purwoko, B. S., Suwarno, W. B., Rumanti, I. A., & Khumaida, N. (2020). Submergence and drought stresses in rice over genotype by environment interaction. Sabrao Journal of Breeding and Genetics, 52(4), 435–445.
  39. Wu, Y. P., Wang, S. M., Chang, Y. C., Ho, C., & Hsu, Y. C. (2021). Submergence gene sub1a transfer into drought-tolerant japonica rice dt3 using marker-assisted selection. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(24). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222413365
  40. Zhou, G., Chen, Y., Yao, W., Zhang, C., Xie, W., Hua, J., Xing, Y., Xiao, J., & Zhang, Q. (2012). Genetic composition of yield heterosis in an elite rice hybrid. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109(39), 15847–15852. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1214141109

Similar Articles

<< < 1 2 3 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.