The Effects of Shading and Organic Domestic Waste on  Brazilian Spinach Growth

Linda Sulistiani; Zaidan P. Negara; Fikri Adriansyah; Fitra Gustiar; Entis Sutisna Halimi; Erizal Sodikin; Strayker Ali Muda

doi:10.36706/jlso.12.1.2023.623

Authors

Linda Sulistiani Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sriwijaya, Indralaya 30662, South Sumatra, Indonesia
Zaidan P. Negara Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sriwijaya, Indralaya 30662, South Sumatra, Indonesia
Fikri Adriansyah Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sriwijaya, Indralaya 30662, South Sumatra, Indonesia
Fitra Gustiar Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sriwijaya, Indralaya 30662, South Sumatra, Indonesia *)Corresponding author: zaidanpn@yahoo.com
Entis Sutisna Halimi Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sriwijaya, Indralaya 30662, South Sumatra, Indonesia
Erizal Sodikin Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sriwijaya, Indralaya 30662, South Sumatra, Indonesia
Strayker Ali Muda Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sriwijaya, Indralaya 30662, South Sumatra, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36706/jlso.12.1.2023.623

Keywords:

improvement of growing media, liquid organic fertilizer, shade tolerance, SPAD value, vegetable diversification

Abstract

The use of household waste in the form of rice washing water, pineapple skin waste, and leftover rice as liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) has the potential to create a good growing medium so as to increase plant growth. Brazilian Spinach (Alternanthera sissoo) is a leafy vegetable that has the potential to diversify vegetable consumption in urban areas where it is expected to grow well in tight spaces, particularly under shading. This study aimed to find out the effects of applying liquid organic fertilizer made of household waste and the shading on the growth of the Brazilian spinach plant. The study used a split plot design with a main plot consisted of 0%, 50% and 70% shading, while subplot consisted of LOF washing water (20 ml/l), pineapple peel waste (30 ml/l) and leftover rice (50ml/l). Each treatment was repeated 3 (three) times. The results of the study showed that the SPAD value of Brazilian spinach under shading treatment and LOF treatment of rice washing water linearly continued to increase until 8 (eight) weeks after planting. Regarding the vegetative growth of Brazilian spinach, the 0% shading treatment was the best treatment in terms of increasing the non-edible leaf fresh weight and root dry weight. Meanwhile, the LOF had an insignificant effect on all treatments. In conclusion, Brazilian spinach can grow more optimally in no-shade conditions.

References

Arofi F, Wahyudi S. 2017. Organic vegetable cultivation in the yard. J. Perbal. 5 (3): 1–9. DOI: 10.30605/perbal.v5i3.742.

Andini C, Yuliani Y. 2020. The effect of shading on the growth of pokcoy (Brassica chinensis L.) in the lowlands. J. LenteraBio. 9 (2): 105-108.

Baharuddin R, Chozin MA, Syukur M. 2014. Tolerance of 20 tomato genotypes to shade. J. Agron. Indonesia. 42 (2): 132–137. DOI: 10.24831/jai.v42i2.8431.

Chooklin CS, Khatfan A, Sagulsawasdipan K. 2021. Ultilization of palm oil mill effluent for BIO-Extract production: physical, chemical and microbial properties, and application to growth of chinese Kale. J. Science and Technology. 26 (3): 142-155. DOI: 10.14456/scitechasia.2021.53.

Citra WGM, Muhartini S, Trisnowati S. 2012. The Effect of washing water of brown rice and white rice on the growth and yield of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). J. Vegetalika. 1 (2): 24-35. DOI: 10.22146/veg.1516.

Dahlianah I, Novianti D. 2020. Growth response of mustard greens (Brassica juncea L.) to papaya fruit liquid organic fertilizer (Carica papaya L.). J. Indobiosains. 2 (2): 64-71. DOI: 10.31851/indobiosains.v2i4.4492.

Ekawati R, Saputri LH. 2020. The effect of different shading level on growth and plant biomass character of dayak union (Eleutherine palmifolia (L.) Merr). J. Hortikultura Indonesia. 11 (3): 221–230. DOI: 10.29244/jhi.11.3.221-230.

Ellya H, Nurlaila N, Sari NN, Apriani RR, Mulyawan R, Purba F, Fithria S. 2021. Assistance for the introduction of brazilian spinach as a yard vegetable in the city of Banjarbaru. J. LOGISTA - Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat. 5 (1): 253-258. DOI: 10.25077/logista.51.253-258.2021.

Faizin R, Susila P. 2016. Shade response to the growth of two patchouli varieties (Pogostemon cablin Benth.). J. Agrium. 13 (2): 83–90. DOI: 10.29103/agrium.v15i2.1069.

Habib ZFB. 2018. Impact of Shading on Performance of Leafy Vegetables. [Disertasi]. Bangladesh: Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Research System (SAURES).

Hairuddin R, Mawardi R. 2015. The effectiveness of rice wash water organic fertilizer on the growth of mustard green (Brassica juncea L). Jurnal PERBAL: Pertanian Berkelanjutan. 3 (3): 79-84. DOI: 10.30605/perbal.v3i3.724.

Khodriyah N, Susanti R, Santri DJ. 2017. The effect of shade on the growth of mustard greens (Brassica rapa L.) in the

hydroponic cultivation system and its contribution to high school biology learning. In: Proceedings Seminar Nasional Pendidikan IPA 2017. Palembang. 1 (22): 591–602.

Khusni L, Hastuti RB, Prihastanti E. 2018. The effect of shade on growth and antioxiandt activity in red spinach (Alternanthera amoena Voss.). J. Buletin Anatomi and Fisiologi. 3 (1): 62-70. DOI: 10.14710/baf.3.1.2018.62-70.

Knaofmone A. 2016. Effect of concentration and dosage of liquid organic fertilizer on growth of Sengon Laut (Paraserianthes falcataria L.) seedlings. J. Savana Cenanda. 1 (02): 90–92. DOI: 10.32938/sc/vli02.19.

Limantara L, Dettling M, Indrawati R, Brotosudarmo THP. 2015. Analysis on the chlorophyll content of commercial green leafy vegetables. J. Procedia Chemistry. 14: 225-231. DOI: 10.1016/j.proche.2015.03.032.

Muchecheti F, Madakadze C, Soundy P. 2016. Leaf chlorophyll readings as an indicator of nitrogen status and yield of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) grown in soils amended with Luecaena leucocephala prunings. J. of Plant Nutrition. 39 (4): 539-561. DOI: 10.1080/01904167.2016.1143488.

Muda SA, Lakitan B, Wijaya A, Susilawati S. 2022. Response of brazilian spinach (Alternanthera sissoo) to propagation planting material and NPK fertilizer application. J. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Tropical. 52: 1-8. DOI: 10.1590/1983-40632022v5272730.

Munir MS. 2016. Classification of deficiency of N,P,K nutrients in soybean crops based on leaf features using artificial neural networks. [Tesis]. Surabaya: Fakultas Teknologi Industri Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya.

Mursalim I, Mustami MK, Ali A. 2018. The effect of using local microorganisms organic fertilizer media rice, banana stems, and tuna fish on the growth of mustard (Brassica juncea). J. Biotek. 6 (1): 32-42. DOI: 10.24252/jb.v6i1.5127.

Navaneetha-Gowda KN, Mantur SM, Biradar MS, Gurudatt MH. 2022. Effect of integrated nutrient management of spinach on quality attributes under shade net condition. J. The Pharma Innovation. 11 (4): 93-97.

Onofri A, Pannacci E. 2014. Spreadsheet Tools for Biometry Classes in Crop Science Programmes. J. Communications in Biometry and Crop Science. 9 (2): 43–53.

Purwanto P, Mujiono M, Tarjoko T. 2017. Effect of foliar liquid organic fertilizer to increase coconut neera production. PLANTA TROPIKA: J. Agrosains. 5 (2): 106-109. DOI: 10.18196/pt.2017.070.106-109 .

Ria P, Noer S, Marhento G. 2021. The effectiveness of giving stale rice as organic fertilizer to red lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. crispa). J. EduBiologia. 1 (1): 55–61. DOI: 10.30998/ edubiologia.v1i1.8088.

Roidah IS. 2013. Benefits of using organic fertilizers for soil fertility. J. Universitas Tulungagung BONOROWO. 1 (1): 30–42. DOI: 10.36563/bonorowo.v1i1.5.

Sari ANN. 2019. Effect of concentration and frequency of application of liquid organic fertilizer from pineapple skin waste on the growth and yield of kailan (Brassica alboglabra). [Disertasi]. Purwokerto: Universitas Jenderal Soedirman.

Sari MP, Handayani TT, Yolida B. 2015. Effect of liquid organic fertilizer on banana peel kepok on the growth of spinach. J. Bioterdidik: Wahana Ekspresi Ilmiah. 3 (8): 67-78.

Satriawi W, Tini EW, Iqbal A. 2015. The effect of applying organic waste fertilizer on the growth and yield of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). J. Penelitian Pertanian Terapan. 19 (2): 115–120. DOI: 10.25181/ jppt.v19i2.1407.

Sawoy M, Tiro AR, Hidayatussakinah H. 2021. The effect of using local microorganism organic fertilizer media

rice and banana weevil on the growth of unplugged spinach (Amaranthus gangeticus). J. Biolearning. 8 (2): 14-19. DOI: 10.36232/ jurnalbiolearning.v8i2.1534.

Shah SH, Houborg R, McCabe MF. 2017. Response of chlorophyll, carotenoid and SPAD-502 measurement to salinity and nutrient stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). J. Agronomy. 7 (3): 61. DOI: 10.3390/agronomy7030061.

Shibaeva TG, Mamaev AV, Sherudilo EG. 2020. Evaluation of a SPAD-502 plus chlorophyll meter to estimate chlorophyll content in leaves with interveinal chlorosis. J. of Plant Physiology. 67 (4): 690-696. DOI: 10.1134/S1021443720040160.

Sommai S,Cherdthong A, Suntara C, So S, Wanapat M, Polyorach S. 2021. In Vitro fermentation characteristics and methane mitigation responded to flavonoid extract levels from Alternanthera sissoo and dietary ratios. J. Fermentation. 7 (109): 2–15. DOI: 10.3390/ fermentation7030109.

Suhardjito. 2016. The effect of paranet shade on the characteristics of tolerance of sweet potato (Ipomea Batatas L.). J. Media Soerjo. 18 (1): 84–93.

Suryadi K, Supriyo E. 2021. Test the effectiveness of liquid fertilizer production from household organic waste/waste. J. Keteknikan Pertanian Tropis and Biosistem. 9 (3): 202-207. DOI: 10.21776/ub.jkptb.2021.009.03.01.

Syamsi F, Kiptiyah K, Efendi Y. 2022. The effect of kepok banana peel liquid organic fertilizer (Musa paradisiaca L.) on the growth of spinach (Amaranthus tricolor L.) and its implementation in learning videos. J. SIMBIOSA. 11 (1): 26-35. DOI: 10.33373/sim-bio.v11i1.4094.

Tanari Y, Vita V. 2017. The effect of shade and various growing media on the growth and production of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). J. Agropet. 14 (2): 1-11.

Tanti N, Nurjannah N, Kalla R. 2020. Making liquid organic fertilizer by aerobic way. ILTEK: Jurnal Teknologi. 14 (2): 2053–2058. DOI: 10.47398/ iltek.v14i2.415.

Wibowo SA, Sunaryo Y, Heru DP. 2018. The effect of shading with different light intensities on the growth and yield of various types of mustard (Brassica juncea L.). J. Agroust. 2 (1): 34–42.

Wulandari E, Haryanti S, Izzari M. 2016. The effect of shading using paranet on the growth and content of chlorophyll and β Carotene in Army Kale (Ipomoea reptans Poir). J. Biologi. 5 (3): 71–79.

Xiong D, Chen J, Yu T, Gao W, Ling X, Li Y, Huang J. 2015. SPAD-based leaf nitrogen estimation is impacted by environmental factors and crop leaf characteristics. J. Scientific Reports. 5 (1): 1-12. DOI: 10.1038/srep13389.

Zhu JJ, Qiang PENG, Liang YL, Xing WU, Hao WL. 2012. Leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, and fruit yield in hot pepper (Capsicum anmuum L.) grown under different shade and soil moisture during the fruit growth stage. J. of Integrative Agriculture. 11 (6): 927-937. DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119 (12)60083-5.