Article Sidebar

Submitted
November 10, 2025
Accepted
August 27, 2026
Published
October 1, 2026
Download
PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 3 Download : 0

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Main Article Content

Abstract

Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) was classified as a vegetable and aromatic plant used in health, culinary, and essential oil production. The main challenges in basil cultivation include limited land availability, soil degradation, water scarcity, and land conversion caused by urban development. A promising alternative to overcome these constraints was soilless culture, commonly known as hydroponics, which enables efficient plant production without soil. Various types of substrates can be applied in hydroponic systems, including organic media derived from agricultural residues. In addition, the use of PGPR plays an important role in enhancing plant growth through nutrient mobilization and phytohormone production. This study aimed to evaluate the optimal type of growing media and PGPR concentration to support basil growth in a substrate hydroponic system. The research was conducted using a factorial randomized block design (RBD), with two factors, the type of planting media (three levels) and the PGPR concentration (four levels). The results showed that cocopeat supported superior basil growth compared to rice husk and husk charcoal. Furthermore, the application of PGPR significantly enhanced plant growth relative to treatments without PGPR. Regression analysis indicated that each type of planting media required a different optimum PGPR concentration to achieve maximum biomass production. Specifically, cocopeat required 8.87 mL/L, husk charcoal required 9.3 mL/L, and fresh husk required 14.4 mL/L. Considering both yield performance and production cost efficiency, the use of cocopeat combined with PGPR at a concentration of 8–10 mL/L was recommended as the most effective treatment.

Keywords

Agricultural waste biofertilizer Ocimum basilicum soilless culture urban farming

Article Details

License

Copyright (c) 1970 Nurlaili Habibi Danata, Luluk Sulistiyo Budi, Rafika Indah Fitriyanti, Rio Kusuma Adi Pratama

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite
Luluk Sulistiyo Budi, Nurlaili Habibi Danata, Rafika Indah Fitriyanti, & Rio Kusuma Adi Pratama. (2026). Effect of different growing media and PGPR concentrations on the growth performance of basil in substrate hydroponic system. Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal : Journal of Suboptimal Lands, 15(2), 177–186. https://doi.org/10.36706/jlso.15.2.2026.786
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX

References

  1. Aini, N., Yamika, W. S. D., & Ulum, B. (2019). Effect of nutrient concentration , PGPR and AMF on plant growth, yield and nutrient uptake of hydroponic lettuce. International Journal of Agriculture & Biology, 21 (1), 175–183. https://doi.org/10.17957/IJAB/15.0879
  2. Alam, M., Hossain, A., Hossain, D., Johir, M. A. H., Karmakar, A. K., & Ahmed, M. B. (2020). The potentiality of rice husk-derived activated carbon : from synthesis to application. Processes, 8 (203), 1–38.
  3. Alori, E. T., Glick, B. R., & Babalola, O. O. (2017). Microbial phosphorus solubilization and its potential for use in sustainable agriculture. Frontiers in Microbiology, 8 (971), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.00971
  4. Andrade, L. A. De, Santos, C. H. B., Frezarin, E. T., Sales, L. R., & Rigobelo, E. C. (2023). Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria for sustainable agricultural production luana. Microorganisms, 11, 1088.
  5. Aprianto, Hanum, C., & Mukhlis. (2023). Effectiveness of shade and cocopeat as a growing media for acclimatization of barangan banana (Musa acuminate lin) plants. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 9 (7), 5560–5567. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i7.3961
  6. Asadi, H., Ghorbani, M., Rezaei-Rashti, M., Abrishamkesh, S., Amirahmadi, E., Chengrong, C., & Gorji, M. (2021). Application of rice husk biochar for achieving sustainable agriculture and environment. Rice Science, 28 (4), 325–343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsci.2021.05.004
  7. Awad, Y. M., Lee, S.-E., Ahmed, M. B. M., Vu, N. T., Farooq, M., Kim, I. S., Kim, H. S., Vithanage, M., Usman, A. R. A., Al-Wabel, M., Meers, E., Kwon, E. E., & Ok, Y. S. (2017). Biochar, a potential hydroponic growth substrate, enhances the nutritional status and growth of leafy vegetables. Journal of Cleaner Production, 156, 581–588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.04.070
  8. Bokhari, A., Essack, M., Lafi, F. F., Andres-Barrao, C., Jalal, R., Alamoudi, S., Razali, R., Alzubaidy, H., Shah, K. H., Siddique, S., Bajic, V. B., Hirt, H., & Saad, M. M. (2019). Bioprospecting desert plant Bacillus endophytic strains for their potential to enhance plant stress tolerance. Scientific Reports, 9 (1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-54685-y
  9. Çalışkan, Ö., & Kurt, D. (2017). Regression analysis of the effect of different N doses in Calendula officinalis. Research & Reviews: Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 6 (1), 15–19.
  10. Ch, M., Naz, S., Sharif, A., Akram, M., & Saeed, M. (2015). Biological and pharmacological properties of the sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum). British Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 7 (5), 330–339. https://doi.org/10.9734/bjpr/2015/16505
  11. Chusniasih, D., Gulo, S. R., Galuh, N., Nandini, P., Angeline, M., & Anjelina, T. J. (2023). The use of rice husks as a hydroponic growing medium with the deep flow technique (DFT) system as an effort for food self-sufficiency. Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan, 6 (5), 3219–3223.
  12. Damayanti, D. P. O., Handoyo, T., & Slameto. (2018). The effect of ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3-) on the growth and essential oil content of basil plants (Ocimum basilicum) using a hydroponic system. Agritrop, 16 (1), 163–175.
  13. Djaingsastro, A. J., Sinaga, H., & Sitorus, R. M. (2021). The effect of cocopeat and rice husk planting media hydroponically on the growth of palm oil in pre nursery. BioLink : Jurnal Biologi Lingkungan, Industri Dan Kesehatan, 7 (2), 195–203. https://doi.org/10.31289/biolink.v7i2.4115
  14. Eid, A. M., Jaradat, N., Shraim, N., Hawash, M., Issa, L., Shakhsher, M., Nawahda, N., Hanbali, A., Barahmeh, N., Taha, B., & Mousa, A. (2023). Assessment of anticancer, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anti-obesity and antioxidant activity of Ocimum basilicum seeds essential oil from Palestine. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 23 (1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-023-04058-w
  15. Ikiz, B., Dasgan, H. Y., & Gruda, N. S. (2024). Utilizing the power of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on reducing mineral fertilizer, improved yield, and nutritional quality of Batavia lettuce in a floating culture. Scientific Reports, 14 (1616). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-51818-w
  16. Iqbal, M. Z., Singh, K., & Chandra, R. (2024). Recent advances of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) for eco-restoration of polluted soil. Cleaner Engineering and Technology, 23, 100845. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clet.2024.100845
  17. Irawan, A., & Kafiar, Y. (2015). The use of cocopeat and rice husk charcoal as a growing medium for cempaka wasian seedlings (Elmerrilia ovalis). Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon, 1(4), 805–808. https://doi.org/10.13057/psnmbi/m010423
  18. Jaoudé, R. A., Luziatelli, F., Ficca, A. G., & Ruzzi, M. (2025). Effect of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria synthetic consortium on growth, yield, and metabolic profile of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) grown under suboptimal nutrient regime. Horticulturae, 11(64), 1–23.
  19. Jimayu, G. (2021). Review on production and importance of basil (Ocimum basilicum L) and roles of fertilizer on basil yield. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 11(9), 39–47. https://doi.org/10.7176/ppar/11-9-05
  20. Joshi, D., Nainabasti, A., Awasti, R. B. P., Banjade, D., Malla, S., & Subedi, B. (2022). A review on soilless cultivation : The hope of urban agriculture. Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science, 7(3), 473–481. https://doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2022.0703022
  21. Kalaivani, K., & Jawaharlal, M. (2019). Studies on chemical properties of cocopeat with different proportions of organic amendments for soilless cultivation. International Journal of Chemical Studies, 7 (3), 2747–2749.
  22. Kalayu, G. (2019). Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms : Promising approach as biofertilizers. Hindawi: International Journal of Agronomy, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/4917256
  23. Kamelnia, E., Mohebbati, R., Kamelnia, R., El-Seedi, H. R., & Boskabady, M. H. (2023). Anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and anti-oxidant effects of Ocimum basilicum L. and its main constituents: A review. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 26 (6), 617–627. https://doi.org/10.22038/IJBMS.2023.67466.14783
  24. Kordi, M., Farrokhi, N., Pech-Canul, M. I., & Ahmadikhah, A. (2024). Rice husk at a Glance : From agro-industrial to modern applications. Rice Science, 31(1), 14–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsci.2023.08.005
  25. Kumar, R., Swapnil, P., Meena, M., Selpair, S., & Yadav, B. G. (2022). Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR): Approaches to alleviate abiotic stresses for enhancement of growth and development of medicinal plants. Sustainability, 14 (15514), 1–16.
  26. Lamasrin, S., Pioh, D. D., & Ogie, T. B. (2023). The effect of burnt husk growing media on mustard plant growth (Brassica juncea L.). Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Terapan, 4 (2), 329–337.
  27. Lestari, A., Suciaty, T., & Atmaja, I. S. W. (2024). Growth and yield response of caisim plant (Brassica Juncea L.) to treatment of growing media type and AB Mix solution concentration in floating system hydroponic technology. Journal of Agricultural Sciences (Agrosci), 1 (4), 159–172.
  28. Li, K., Dilegge, M. J., Minas, I. S., Hamm, A., Manter, D., & Vivanco, J. M. (2019). Soil sterilization leads to re-colonization of a healthier rhizosphere microbiome. Rhizosphere, 12, 100176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rhisph.2019.100176
  29. Li, Z., Zheng, Z., Li, H., Xu, D., Li, X., Xiang, L., & Tu, S. (2023). Review on rice husk biochar as an adsorbent for soil and water remediation. Plants, 12 (1524).
  30. Mangmang, J. S., Deaker, R., & Rogers, G. (2016). Inoculation effect of Azospirillum brasilense on basil grown under aquaponics production system. Organic Agriculture, 6 (1), 65–74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13165-015-0115-5
  31. Marjenah, Kiswanto, Purwanti, S., & Sofyan, F. P. M. (2016). The effect of biochar , cocopeat and sawdust compost on the growth of two dipterocarps seedlings. Nusantara Bioscience, 8(1), 39–44. https://doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci/n080108
  32. Miranti, P. A., Budi, S., & Nurjani. (2023). The effect of combining AB Mix and POC on the growth and yield of lettuce in a hydroponic wick system. Jurnal Sains Pertanian Equator, 12 (3), 337–344.
  33. Qazizadah, A. Z., Nakasha, J. J., Sinniah, U. R., & Wahab, P. E. M. (2023). Improvement of growth and development of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) through the application of chitosan at different plant maturity stages. Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science, 46 (2), 647–670. https://doi.org/10.47836/pjtas.46.2.16
  34. Rukmana, F. J., Harjanti, R., & Wibawa, D. A. A. (2019). Antibacterial activity of a combination of basil leaf essential oil (Ocimum basilicum L.) and kaffir lime leaf (Citrus hystrix D.C.) against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. Biomedika, 12 (2), 158–166. https://doi.org/10.31001/biomedika.v12i2.611
  35. Saha, S., Monroe, A., & Day, M. R. (2016). Growth, yield, plant quality and nutrition of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under soilless agricultural systems. Annals of Agricultural Sciences, 61 (2), 181–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aoas.2016.10.001
  36. Savvas, D., & Gruda, N. (2018). Application of soilless culture technologies in the modern greenhouse industry - A review. European Journal of Horticultural Science, 83 (5), 280–293. https://doi.org/10.17660/eJHS.2018/83.5.2
  37. Shahrajabian, M. H., Sun, W., & Cheng, Q. (2020). Chemical components and pharmacological benefits of Basil (Ocimum basilicum): a review. International Journal of Food Properties, 23 (1), 1961–1970. https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2020.1828456
  38. Timofeeva, A. M., Galyamova, M. R., & Sedykh, S. E. (2023). Plant growth-promoting soil bacteria: Nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, siderophore production, and other biological activities. Plants, 12 (4074), 1–16. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12244074
  39. Tuxun, A., Xiang, Y., Shao, Y., Son, J. E., Yamada, M., Yamada, S., Tagawa, K., Baiyin, B., & Yang, Q. (2025). Soilless cultivation : precise nutrient provision and growth environment regulation under different substrates. Plants, 14 (2203), 1–21.
  40. Vocciante, M., Grifoni, M., Fusini, D., Petruzzelli, G., & Franchi, E. (2022). The role of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in mitigating plant’s environmental stresses. Applied Sciences, 12 (1231), 1–16.
  41. Yang, P., Condrich, A., Scranton, S., Hebner, C., Lu, L., & Ali, M. A. (2024). Utilizing plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) to advance sustainable agriculture. Bacteria, 3, 434–451. https://doi.org/10.3390/bacteria3040030
  42. Zhang, H., Yang, Q., Zhao, J., Chen, J., Wang, S., Ma, M., Liu, H., Zhang, Q., Zhao, H., Zhou, D., Wang, X., Gao, J., & Zhao, H. (2022). Metabolites from Bacillus subtilis J-15 affect seedling growth of Arabidopsis thaliana and cotton plants. Plants, 11 (23). https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11233205
  43. Zhang, M., Liu, Y., Wei, Q., Gou, J., Liu, L., Gu, X., & Wang, M. (2023). The co-application of PGPR and biochar enhances the production capacity of continuous cropping peppers in the karst yellow soil region of southwest china. Horticulturae, 9, 1104.

Similar Articles

<< < 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.