Percentage of Flower and Fruit Fall, and Red Chili Production in Ultisol Applied Biostimulants and Inorganic Fertilizers

Shabilla Amartiya Sari; Nuni Gofar

doi:10.36706/jlso.12.2.2023.639

Authors

Shabilla Amartiya Sari Program study of Agroecotechnology,Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas of Sriwijaya, Indralaya, Ogan Ilir 30662, South Sumatra, Indonesia
Nuni Gofar Departement of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas of Sriwijaya, Indralaya, Ogan Ilir 30662, South Sumatra, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36706/jlso.12.2.2023.639

Keywords:

economic feasibility analysis, Capsicum annuum, suboptimal land

Abstract

Ultisol has main problem of low nutrient availability causing a high percentage of flowers and fruit fall and reducing red chili production. This study aimed to find out effectiveness of biostimulants in reducing percentage of flower and fruit fall, use of inorganic fertilizer doses, and their role in increasing production red pepper in Ultisol. The method used experimental and randomized block design with 9 treatments. The treatment used application of flush biostimulants and without watering into soil with various doses inorganic fertilizers. The fertilizer doses were 100%, 75%, and 50% based on fertilization recommendations. The study results showed that application of biostimulants combined with inorganic fertilizers of various doses had a significant effect on fruit weight/plant and red pepper production, but had an insignificant effect on the percentage of flowers and fruits, as well as number of fruits/plant. Application of biostimulants and various doses of inorganic fertilizers tended to increase fall of flowers, number of fruits/plant, and the percentage of fruit fall. Biostimulants combined with inorganic fertilizers were able to reduce fertilizer use as much as 50%. Production of red pepper with application of biostimulants and 50% of inorganic fertilizers reached 5.36 tons/ha. The results of the economic feasibility analysis of red chili peppers were 1.69 R/C and 0.69 B/C ratio, meaning that the cultivation of red chili with application of biostimulants was profitable and worthy of development. So, application of biostimulants is able to reduce fertilizers by 50% and increase production of red peppers.

References

Agyeman FO, Tao W. 2014. Anaerobic co-digestion of food waste and dairy manure: Effects offood waste particle size and organic loading rate. Journal of Environmental Management. 133: 268–274. DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.12.016.

Ali O, Ramsubhag A, Jayaraman J. 2021. Biostimulant properties of seaweed extracts in plants: Implications towards sustainable crop production. Plants. 10 (531): 1–27. DOI: 10.3390/plants10030531.

Bangun RH. 2020. Farmer Characteristics and Farming Feasibility of Gingers in North Sumatera. Journal of Agribusiness and Agricultural Communication. 4 (1): 1–8. DOI: 10.35941/jakp.4.1. 2021.4280.1-8.

Battacharyya D, Babgohari MZ, Rathor P, Prithiviraj B. 2015. Seaweed extracts as biostimulants in horticulture. Scientia Horticulturae. 196: 39–48. DOI: 10.1016/ j.scienta.2015.09.012.

Calvo P, Nelson L, Kloepper JW. 2014. Agricultural uses of plant biostimulants. Plant and Soil. 383 (1–2): 3–41. DOI: 10.1007/ s11104-014-2131-8.

Cornelissen G, Jubaedah, Nurida NL, Hale SE, Martinsen V, Silvani L, Mulder J. 2018. Fading positive effect of biochar on crop yield and soil acidity during five growth seasons in an Indonesian Ultisol. Science of the Total Environment. 634 (0806): 561–568. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv .2018.03.380.

EL Boukhari MEM, Barakate M, Bouhia Y, Lyamlouli K. 2020. Trends in Seaweed Extract Based Biostimulants : Manufacturing Process and Benefical Effect on Soil-Plant System. Plants. 9 (359): 1–23.

Ertani A, Sambo P, Nicoletto C, Santagata S, Schiavon M, Nardi S. 2015. The use of organic biostimulants in hot pepper plants to help low input sustainable agriculture. Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture. 2 (1). DOI: 10.1186/s40538-015-0039-z.

Gare BN, Raundal PU, Burli AV. 2017. Effect of plant growth regulators on growth, yield and yield attributing characters of rainfed chilli (Capsicum annuum L.). Advanced Agricultural Research & Technology. I (2): 195–197.

Gemin LG, Mógor ÁF, De Oliveira Amatussi J, Mógor G. 2019. Microalgae associated to humic acid as a novel biostimulant improving onion growth and yield. Scientia Horticulturae. 256 (January): 1–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2019.108560.

Kayode CO, Adeoye GO. 2021. Dry matter yield of okra and nutrient dynamics with cocoa pod husk-based compost and NPK fertilizer in an ultisol. Eurasian Journal of Soil Science. 10 (1): 77–86. DOI: 10.18393/ejss.816577.

Kullmann B, Thiel R. 2018. Bigger is better in eel stocking measures? Comparison of growth performance, body condition, and benefit-cost ratio of simultaneously stocked glass and farmed eels in a brackish fjord. Fisheries Research. 205: 132–140. DOI: 10.1016/j.fishres.2018.04.009.

Kumar S, Meena Asstt Professor R, Singh Jatav H, Banjara T. 2017. Use of pressmud compost for improving crop productivity and soil health. International Journal of Chemical Studies. 5 (2): 384–389.

Lin Y, Ye G, Luo J, Di HJ, Liu D, Fan J, Ding W. 2018. Nitrosospira cluster 8a plays a predominant role in the nitrification process of a subtropical Ultisol under long-term inorganic and organic fertilization. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 84 (18): 1–15. DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01 031-18.

Mends-Cole MT, Banful BK, Tandoh PK. 2019. Flower abortion and fruit yield responses of two varieties of chilli pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) to different planting dates and plant densities. Archives of Current Research International. 16 (1): 1–11. DOI: 10.9734/acri/20 19/46845.

Muhlison W, Haryadi NT, Kurnianto AS, Ahmada BS. 2021. Study of integrated pest management strategy on the population of fruit flies (Bactrocera spp.) in red chili cultivation (Capsicum annuum). The Journal of Experimental Life Sciences. 11 (1): 10–14. DOI: 10.21776 /ub.jels.2021.011.01.03.

Muktamar Z, Lifia TA. 2020. Phosphorus availability as affected by the application of organic amendments in Ultisols. Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology. 17 (1): 16–22. DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v17i1.41284.

Pan X, Baquy MAAl, Guan P, Yan J, Wang R, Xu R, Xie L. 2020. Effect of soil acidification on the growth and nitrogen use efficiency of maize in Ultisols. Journal of Soils and Sediments. 20 (3): 1435–1445. DOI: 10.1007/s11368-019-02515-z.

Panjaitan E, Sidauruk L, Manalu CJ, Pratiwi S, Saragih M, Sianturi P. 2022. Impacts of agricultural waste and NPK fertilizers on soil chemical properties, production and phosphorus uptake of sweet corn plants on ultisol soil. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 1005 (1): 1–7. DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/1005/1/012031.

Ricci M, Tilbury L, Daridon B, Sukalac K. 2019. General principles to justify plant biostimulant claims. Frontiers in Plant Science. 10 (March): 1–8. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019 .00494.

Shafaei SM, Masoumi AA, Roshan H. 2016. Analysis of water absorption of bean and chickpea during soaking using Peleg model. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences. 15 (2): 135–144. DOI: 10.1016/j.jssas.2014.08.003.

Sivachandiran L, Khacef A. 2017. Enhanced seed germination and plant growth by atmospheric pressure cold air plasma: combined effect of seed and water treatment. RSC Advances. 7 (4): 1822–1832. DOI: 10.10 39/c6ra24762h.

Soltan H, Osman S, Tantawy I. 2021. The role of new transformants phosphate bio-stimulates (PBS) bacteria inoculates on growth, yield and quality of kohlrabi plants. Journal of Plant Production. 12 (5): 541–551. DOI: 10.21608/jpp.2021.178930.

Tamilselvi C, Manimekalai R, Sathish G, Vijayashanthi VA, Yogameenakshi P. 2019. Effect of growth regulators on flowering and fruit characters of chillies. The Asian Journal of Horticulture. 14 (1): 13–16. DOI: 10.15740/has/tajh/14.1/13-16.

Thijssen JJJ. 2015. A model for irreversible investment with construction and revenue uncertainty. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control. 57: 250–266. DOI: 10.1016/j.jedc.2015.06.001.

Yusuf R, Syakur A, Awalni F, Kalaba Y. 2021. Combinations of seaweed extract and NPK on vegetative growth of chili growing under glasshouse condition. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 694 (1): 1–7. DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/694/1/012034.