Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal : Journal of Suboptimal Lands

Development of biofortified rice for reduce stunting rates in South Sumatra Province

Rina Sopiana — Tue, 01 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Lack of the element Zn in the body was one of the serious problems of malnutrition in Indonesia because it reduces endurance, productivity and quality of human life, and was one of the factors causing stunting. Stunting is worrying because it can cause problems with a child's growth and development, which is characterized by the child's height being below standard. One of the factors causing stunting is reduced consumption of zinc (Zn), especially in pregnant women and children. Deficiency of the element Zn in the body can be corrected by consuming foods that contain Fe and Zn. This writing aims to inform and convey the idea that one of the efforts that can be made to reduce stunting rates is through the development of Biofortified rice which will produce nutritious rice. To evaluate the impact of rice development, an evaluation was carried out on rice production and its effect on reducing stunting in several districts in South Sumatra. The method used was interviews, recapitulation of primary and secondary data. Biofortified rice cultivation efforts had been carried out in South Sumatra since 2021 in South OKU (1000 ha), in 2022 in Lahat (1000 ha), and in 2023 in eight districts (8000 ha). In general, Biofortified rice production in South OKU Regency (5.28 tons dry Grain/ha) and Lahat Regency (5.08 tons Harvested Dry Grain/ha). Based on the 2021 Indonesian Nutritional Status Survey (INSS) saw a decrease in the average prevalence of stunting in South Sumatra in 2022 to 18.6%, which decreased from 24.8% in 2021, including in Biofortified rice development districts. Based on the fact that the development of Biofortified rice can be an effort to reduce stunting, The Regional Government was increasingly expanding rice cultivation in almost all districts/cities.

Variations of pest and disease attacks on horticultural and non-horticultural crops in South Sumatra

Arsi Arsi, Bambang Gunawan, Suparman Suparman, Titi Tricahyati, Hesti Hesti — Tue, 01 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Horticultural crops of olericultural types that were given a lot of chemical pesticides cause many negative impacts such as the emergence of pests and pathogens that were immune to pesticides, the emergence of new pests, increased pest populations and secondary pathogens, reduced populations of beneficial insects (predators). The study aimed to consider the use of pesticides by farmers to eradicate pests and diseases in horticulture and non-horticulture in South Sumatra. The research was conducted in South Sumatra Province. The research was conducted in 7 districts and 1 city, namely Indralaya District, North Indralaya District, Air Kumbang District, South Pemulutan District, Gelumbang District, Belitang Mulya District, Tanjung Batu District, and Palembang City, which was conducted from May to September 2022. Data were collected using the Secondary Variables method with Purposive sampling technique and processed into analyzed data. The results of this study showed that the most horticulture cultivated by farmers was eggplant(Solanum melongena L.). While for non-horticulture the most widely cultivated by farmers was corn(Zea mays). The percentage of pest attacks on non-horticultural land was 57.36%, the percentage of pest attacks on horticultural land was 68.28%. Variations in pest and disease attacks that occur in 180 farms on horticultural and non-horticultural crops in South Sumatra. Horticultural crops that are widely cultivated in South Sumatra include cucumber, long beans, and eggplant. Meanwhile, non-horticultural crops are corn, rice, and rubber. Spodoptera frugiperda was a pest that has been found to damage corn crops and Leptocorisa sp species that damage food crops (No Horticulture). Counseling was provided to farmers to find out the types of pests that could attack and the symptoms and diseases in plants to know how to control them.

Land suitability evaluation in the Northern Limestone Mountains of Tuban Regency, East Java for torch ginger (Etlingera elatior Smith) cultivation

Fadhilatul Laela, Syah Deva Ammurabi — Tue, 01 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Torch ginger (Etlingera elatior) is a herbaceous plant from Southeast Asia, traditionally used as herbal medicine by local people due to its antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, antioxidant, and anti-cancer properties. Despite its various benefits, this plant has struggled to enter the market because it has not been cultivated on a large scale. Therefore, the opportunity for commercial cultivation of this plant remains wide open. Tuban Regency is a potential agricultural district in Java, strategically positioned on the main road between Central Java Province and East Java Province. Unfortunately, little research has been conducted on land suitability evaluation in Tuban Regency’s agricultural areas. This research aimed to evaluate land suitability for torch ginger cultivation in Tuban Regency. Based on the studies conducted, agricultural land in Tuban Regency is quite fertile, but adequate irrigation is necessary to help the plants survive during the dry season. Torch ginger naturally grows in densely vegetated areas with sufficient water availability. Therefore, cultivating torch ginger in Tuban requires several special treatments, such as maintaining water availability, providing shade and mulch to regulate temperature and humidity, applying phosphorus and organic fertilizers to address phosphorus fixation in limestone soil, and using growth regulators like paclobutrazol to overcome flowering inhibition. From the various literature that has been studied, it was found that the land in the Northern Limestone Mountains of Tuban Regency, is quite fertile and suitable for agricultural land.

Tolerance of local gogo rice sprouts under salinity stress conditions

Sakka Samudin, Usman Made, Maemunah Maemunah, Jeki Jeki , Mustakim Mustakim — Tue, 01 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The expansion of rice planting areas in the future needs to be carried out outside Java, as fertile land in Java is shrinking due to land conversion. Most of the land outside Java consists of marginal land, such as areas with high salinity. High salinity levels in the soil cause a decrease in plant germination, growth, and production. The research aimed to examine the tolerance of each cultivar at each level of NaCl concentration, to obtain cultivars that were tolerant to salinity stress, and to determine the NaCl concentration that suppresses the germination of local upland rice. The research was structured using a completely randomized design with a two-factor factorial pattern. The first was the six upland rice cultivars, namely, dongan, jahara, Pulu Konta, pomegranate, kalendeng, and pulu tau leru, while the second factor was the NaCl concentration consisting of 0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8% and 1%. Thus, there were 36 experimental units, which were repeated three times so that there were 108 experimental units. The results of the research showed that there was no interaction with all germination variables; cultivar and concentration had a significant effect on maximum growth potential, germination capacity, germination time, plumule length, radicle length and dry weight of sprouts, while cultivar affected the wet weight of sprouts. Kalendeng has a high salinity tolerance. The use of NaCl concentrations of up to 0.6% has been able to reduce the germination capacity of local upland rice. The conclusion of the research showe that there was no interaction between all germination variables.

The role of superior varieties in increasing rice productivity on tidal lands in South Sumatra

Niluh Putu Sri Ratmini, Pandu Hutabarat, Siti Khusniyati — Tue, 01 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The development of tidal land as agricultural land is one opportunity to meet food needs. The study aimed to determine the contribution of superior varieties in increasing tidal rice productivity in South Sumatra. The research was conducted in Banyuasin Regency in 2021 using survey and interview methods. The number of sub-districts where sampling was taken was 9 sub-districts which are representative of low tide land. The data collected in this research were the results of harvested dry grain (tiles), the varieties used, the type and dose of fertilizer used, planting methods and cropping index. Apart from primary, secondary data was also collected as supporting data in the form of land area for each region and climatic conditions. The data taken was tabulated and analyzed descriptively. The research results show that the productivity level of superior rice varieties is higher than the district average productivity. Increasing productivity by applying superior varieties reaches 1.5 t/ha.

Soil erosion sensitivity of rubber plant, oil palm, and teak in Ogan Komering Ilir District

Satria Jaya Priatna, Ahmad Sepriansyah — Tue, 01 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Soil erodibility was the ease with which soil erodes. The study aimed to determine the value of soil erodibility on rubber, oil palm, and teak land at PT Waimusi agroindah. The method used was a very detailed survey, assisted by digital maps. Soil samples were taken based on the study area. Soil samples were taken at 0–30 cm deep and topsoil for soil permeability analysis as well as the completeness of the tools and materials needed. The calculation of the value of soil erodibility on rubber, oil palm, and teak land has moderate criteria. The equation of these criteria in quantitative numbers for oil palm land has a value of 0.18, which was higher than rubber land at 0.15 and teak land at 0.13. While on forest land, the soil erodibility value was 0.04, so it falls into very low criteria. The conclusion of this research was that rubber, oil palm, and teak land obtained soil erosion sensitivity values with moderate criteria, and the results of soil erosion sensitivity values on forest land were classified as very low. This research was one of a series of several factors used to determine the potential for land erosion. Further research needs to be done so that the potential for erosion could be determined from all the factors that affect the potential for erosion.

Diversity of ecological functions of the insect families found in Citalahab Area of Mount Halimun Salak National Park (TNGHS)

Hasni Ruslan, Alifia Rahmah, Emilia Nurindri Y, Johan Faruq H, Abdimas Nazak H — Tue, 01 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The Citalahab area of Mount Halimun Salak National Park (TNGHS) contains a diversity of insects with different ecological roles. In each type of habitat there was a composition of insect ecological roles. The study aimed to determine the diversity of ecological roles of insects in forest and plantation vegetation types in the Citalahab Area of the Mount Halimun Salak National Park (TNGHS). This research uses the Simple Random Sampling method using pitfall traps in randomly determined plots measuring 20 x 20 meters (5 pit fall traps) in forests and plantations, with a total of 2 plots. There were 8 orders, 36 families with ecological roles such as: disease vectors, saprophages, pollinators, pests, predators, parasitoids, fungus eaters and decomposers. Insect families that act as parasitoids and disease vectors were only found in forest vegetation types. The richness of resources found in a habitat influences the diversity of the ecological roles of the insects found in it.

Effectiveness of Biochar application on the growth of red chili plants during the vegetative stage under waterlogging

Risma Chantrika Az-Azahra, Erna Siaga, Herlina Herlina, Mei Meihana — Tue, 01 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The riparian wetland offers potential for horticultural crop cultivation, such as chili peppers. It is important to consider cultivation techniques and the use of organic matter to improve soil properties, particularly to combat waterlogging during the rainy season. This study aimed to assess the impact of biochar application on the growth of chili peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) during the vegetative stage under waterlogging conditions. This research was conducted at the experimental land of the Agrotechnology Department, Faculty of Plant and Animal Sciences, Universitas Bina Insan from December 2022 to February 2023. This research employed a complete randomized design (RAL) factorial with two factors. The first factor involved waterlogging stress, including control (C) and waterlogging stress (W). The second factor (N) encompassed the application of biochar, namely without biochar (N0), rice husk biochar (N1) and coconut shell biochar (N2) at a dose of 200 g plant^-1. The results showed that waterlogging conditions (W) and biochar application (N) showed significantly different results in shoot length, root length, number of leaves, and total dry weight of chili plants, while the interaction (WxN) showed significantly different in shoot length and root length of plants. Treatment without biochar (N0) in waterlogging conditions actually showed shoot length, root length, number of leaves and total dry weight of plants that were significantly higher than treatment coconut shell biochar (N1) and rice husk applications (N2).

Bioecology of Wild Betta Fish (Betta schalleri) of Bangka Island Waters

Olivia Khanati, Dona Lista, Lindiatika Lindiatika, Ahmad Fahrul Syarif — Tue, 01 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The Betta schalleri is a wild betta fish endemic to Bangka Island which has potential as an ornamental fish. However, the fish’s endangered conservation status is one of the problems for its conservation efforts. The aim of this study was to analyze the Betta schalleri according to its biological and ecological properties. The research method was quantitative descriptive. Parameters measured in this study included fish morphology, fish meristics, water quality and habitat characteristics. The fish samples collected was 15 Betta schalleri. Observations on the physical characteristics of the Betta schalleri were based on morphometric characters, namely: 1) Total Length (TL) (22355.59 mm); 2) Standard Length (SL) (16386.74 mm);3) Head Length (HL) (3912.51 mm); 4) Head Height (HH) (3112.72 mm); 5) and Caudal Height (CH) (4922.29 mm). The meristic characters brought about the following 1) Dorsal Fin (D.II.8); 2) Anal Fin (A.II.24-25); Ventral Fin (V.I-II.4); Pectoral Fin (P.11-12); Caudal Fin (C.13) and Linea Lateralis (LL.31-32). The betta schalleri typically live in peat water, calm and fresh water that tend to be brown in color. The aquatic plants grow in the form of Pandanus sp. and Utricularia sp. In general, Betta schalleri thrive in a pH of 4-5, a temperature from 28⁰C to 31⁰C, and dissolved oxygen of 5.6- 11 mg/l.

Application of omega 3,6 with Moringa oleifera suplemented vitamin E on rumen fluid characteristics, microbial protein synthesis, and methane gas production in goats on suboptimal lands

Angelia Utari, Rikardo Silaban, Novita Aswan, Toga Mahaji — Tue, 01 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Changes in feeding patterns were needed to overcome the problem of methane gas emissions from ruminant livestock and the problem of low productivity at the smallholder livestock level. This solution involves direct action against the gas produced in the stomach of ruminants by providing feed containing active substances to reduce the microbes that produce gas in the stomach. One alternative feed that was often used as a promoter of improving rumen fluid characteristics was the use of omega 3.6 sources together with Moringa leaves enriched with vitamin E. This research aimed to investigate the effect of feeding on methane gas production in goats. The research method used a Randomized Block Design (RAK) with four treatments and five replications in vitro. From the research results, it could be concluded that the use of omega 3.6 together with Moringa leaves enriched with vitamin E was able to reduce methane gas production by 25.62% with a Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA) value of 144.53 mM, pH around 6.99, NH₃ 11.87 mg/100ml, microbial biomass 20.42 mg/ml, microbial protein 217.58mg/ml, bacterial colony 5.34x10⁹ cells/ml and protozoa population 29x10⁶ cells/ml. This conclusion shows that the use of omega 3.6 with Moringa oleifera supplemented with vitamin E has the potential to consistently improve rumen fluid characteristics and reduce methane gas emissions by using a combination of omega 3.6 sources and Moringa leaves in suboptimal land, as well as vitamin E supplementation.

Recycling of water treatment plant sludge for copper adsorption from aqueous solutions

Anggrika Riyanti, Hadrah Hadrah, Arisanti Monica Zeusica Sihombing — Tue, 01 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Recent studies have explored various adsorbent materials that are low-cost, available in quantity, and effective for heavy metal removal, one of them is the Water Treatment Plant (WTP) sludge. The study aimed to investigate the potential of recycling Water Treatment Plant sludge into an adsorbent for Cu (II) removal. The sludge adsorbent was carbonized by using a furnace at 600°C for 2 hours. This study was conducted in batch. The adsorbent effectiveness was analyzed by varying the dosage, contact time, and activation of the sludge adsorbent on Cu (II) removal. The adsorption isotherm was analyzed using the Langmuir and Ferundlich models, and the kinetic study used pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order model. The results showed the removal efficiency of Cu (II) for both activated and non-activated sludge adsorbents reached 98.6–99.9%. The addition of dosage did not affect the increase in Cu (II) adsorption capacity. Activation of the adsorbent increased the adsorption capacity of Cu (II) with the equilibrium time at 60–90 min, shorter than the non-activated adsorbent at 90–120 min. The adsorption isotherm model for both adsorbent types fitted well to the Langmuir model, indicating the adsorption process occurs in a single layer on a homogeneous surface. The adsorption kinetics followed pseudo-second-order with a high correlation coefficient. Water treatment sludge, an industrial by-product, has the potential to be an effective and low-cost adsorbent material for Cu removal.

Can Rice Farming through the National Strategy Food Estate Increase Regional Production?

Syamsuri Yusup, Yoneta Sonia — Tue, 01 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Food estate is a large-scale food development program that is carried out in an integrated manner. This includes agriculture, plantations and livestock within an area. This research aims to (1) analyze the production factors of lowland rice farming as an effort to increase rice production in the national food estate strategy program in Central Kalimantan; (2) analyze the technical efficiency of lowland rice farming in an effort to increase rice production in the national food estate strategy program in Central Kalimantan. This research was carried out at the Siam Village Food Estate (COE). The sampling method used a random sampling method with a total sample of 89 people. The analysis method uses Cobb-Douglas production function analysis and Frontier Stochastic technical efficiency analysis. Research results: (1) land (X1), seeds (X2), lime (X3), and fertilizer (X4) have a significant effect (α<0.05) on lowland rice production results in the Balanti Siam village food estate, while pesticides (X5), labor (X6), machinery (X7), planting system dummy (D1), and planting pattern dummy (D2) do not have a significant effect on lowland rice production results on food aesthetic land in Balanti Siam village; (2) Farmers in Balanti Siam village are classified as technically efficient with an average technical efficiency of 96.5% (cut-off > 0.70), while individually there are 88 farmers who are classified as technically efficient. The production factors used in rice farming play an important role in production results. By using production factors efficiently, this can increase maximum rice production yields.